Valve connection system



H. EBERHARD I 2,083,192

' VALVE CONNECTION SYSTEM- Filed April 2,' 19:52

June .8, 19 37.

I 'I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I l I I I JnVen/mf Patented June 8,1937 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE In Germany Claims.

The subject matter of the present invention relates to a novel valveconnection system. The essence of the invention consists in doing awaywith a separate anode current source, and taking the energy for theanode circuit, through the medium of special connections, from theheating current source. Fundamentally, the invention relates to valvetransmitters, valve receivers and other valve apparatus.

Particular advantages are disclosed by the arrangement according to theinvention in connection with valve transmitters of the portable type.Owing to the fact that a separate anode battery is not required, it ispossible to make use of valve transmitters for many new purposes, forinstance for the recording transmitters carried by balloons, for patrolapparatus, etc.

The separate anode currentesource is now, according to the invention,eliminated by the fact that transformed energy tori-the anode circuit istaken from the heating current source by means of an induction coilarrangement. In its most elementary form this induction system consistsof a vibrator with a transformer. 'For the operation ,of the vibrator apotential of roughly 2 voltsf'is sufficient, i. e., the potentialsupplied by a chromic acid battery. Fundamentally, there is also thepossibility of operating the vibrator by a special low-potential currentsource. The vibrator together with a suitable transformer readilysupplies potentials up to several thousand volts, so that, for example,receiving and amplifying valves may be supplied with an anode potentialamounting to 1000 volts and more without a. special source of energy. Ifthe connection system according to the invention is employed forsupplying anode potential to transmitter valves, the secondary windingof the vibrator transformer is connected in series with the oscillatorycircuit through the medium of a transformer in the anode circuit.

The mode of operation of the arrangement according to the invention willbe described with the assistance of the drawing. Thus, for example, inFig. 1, a. is the curve of the direct current, which is intermittent inrhythm with the interrupter (vibrator), and which, for example, may beassumed to traverse the primary circuit of the valve connectionaccording to Fig. 2. It will be recognized that after applying thepotential to the primary winding of the transformer the current risesfollowing an e-iunction, remains for a moment practically constant, andupon disconnecting the anode potential, fol- April 10, 1931 lowing ane-function, again drops to zero. The curve b in Fig. 1 shows thepotential in the' secondary winding of the transformer. Strong currentimpulses (b') are to be recognized, which are produced by the breakingimpulse of the primary circuit, and smaller impulses (b I whichcorrespond with the making impulse. The induction system is nowconnected with the anode circuit in such fashion that the breakingimpulse causes a positive impulse, that is to say-i'n such fashion thatthe potential at the anode at this particular moment is positive inrelation to the potential at the cathode. The negative half-wave of themaking impulse is then suppressed owing to the unipolar conductivity ofthe valve.

In detail Fig. 2 shows the ionic valve 1 consisting of the cathode 2,the grid 3, the anode 4. The heating current source is designated 5, towhich there is connected the primary winding'6 of the transformer I inseries with the interrupter 8 (vibrator). The anode circuit comprisesthe secondary winding 9 of the'tiansformer and an oscillatory circuitconsisting of the condenser I0 and the coil ll.

If now under the influence of the breaking impulse a. positive half-waveresults in the anode circuit, there is superimposed to the increasinganode current (b'), which is represented on larger scale in Fig. 3, anoscillation, which commences at a certain minimum potential 0, increasesup to a certain maximum amplitude, and decreases along the sinking D. C.wave in accordance with the damping of the oscillatory circuit. Theresulting high frequency oscillationj'possesses the periodicity of theoscillatory circuit 10, ll. Now this is by no means constant. Thevariable anode potential corresponds with a variable valve capacity inparallel with the oscillatory circuit. Consequently it is impossible toobtain with heterodyne reception a pure superposed tone from thetransmitted wave. This may only be obtained by quartz control of thevalve transmitter to be fed. Forv this purpose it is merely necessary'inthe case of the connection according to Fig. 2 to connect between thegrid and the anode the piezo-electric crystal 1!, the elastic naturalvibration of which is identical with the natural frequency of the anodeoscillatory circuit IO, N, and the choke M, ore. resistance. In Fig. 2,I4 is a bridging condenser for high frequency and 15 the anode. Theoscillation transmitted by a sender of this nature may now be picked upin faultless manner by a heterodyne receiver. The pitch of theheterodyne tone corresponds in the known manner with the difference infrequency between transmitter and heterodyne oscillator. This tone isnow intermittent in rhythm with the in terrupter.

There is no objection to picking up a tone having the frequency of theinterrupter. For this purpose it is merely necessary to pick upby meansof a detector the one half wave from the alternating current pulsatingin rhythm with the piezo-electric control potential (Fig. 4).

If it is desired to feed amplifier and receiving valves with thearrangement according tothe invention, it is necessary to connect arectifier, for example a tube valve, and if necessary one or more filtercircuits in series with the secondary winding of the transformer and theoscillatory circuit.

If with the means according to the invention it is desired to operate atelephonic transmitter, it is merely necessary to select uitra-sonorousinterrupter frequency.

Insofar as the invention makes use of a vibrator, for instance formeteorological purposes, in recording transmitters, the variation in thevibrator frequency itself may be utilized for recording a physicalvalue. Thus, for example, it-

is possible to vary the vibrator tone accordingly, dependent on thedegree of moisture. The variation in the tone of the vibrator may, indetail, be so performed, for example, that the natural vibration of thetongue is varied by mechanical or magnetic means, or the magnetic fieldof the vibrator itself may be acted upon in suitable fashion. This maybe performed, for instance, according to the following method:

The thread of the hygrometer is secured to the tongue in such fashionthat by reason of the variation in the length or the tension of thethread corresponding action is exerted on the frequency of the vibrator.

Fundamentally, it is immaterial what physical value it is desired totransmit by variation of the vibrator frequency. Thus, for example, theembodiment of the arrangement may be such that with the same there maybe measured the depth of water. For this purpose the recordingtransmitter would be fitted in a diving bell.

I claim:

1. In a signaling transmitter, a thermionic generator valve containing acathode, grid and anode, alow voltage direct current source for thecathode, a transformer and an interrupter, means connected to saidinterrupter and controlled by a physical quantity for varying theinterrupter frequency as a function of said physical quantity, circuitmeans including the interrupter for connecting the transformer primaryto the low voltage source, thereby inducing a voltage in the transformersecondary in accordance with said physical value, a high-frequencyoscillatory circuit connected between the anode of the valve and saidsecondary means for controlling the frequency of said oscillatorycircult, and a transmitting circuit coupled to said oscillatory circuit,whereby the signal transmitted is controlled by said physical quantity.

2. In a signaling transmitter, a thermionic generator valve containing acathode, grid and anode, a low voltage direct current source for thecathode, a transformer and an interrupter having an ultra-sonorousinterrupter frequency,

means connected to said interrupter and controlled by a physicalquantity for varying the interrupterfrequency as a function of saidphysical quantity, circuit means including the interrupter forconnecting the transformer primary to the low voltage source, therebyinducing a voltage in the transformer secondary in accordance with saidphysical value, a high-frequency oscillatory circuit connected betweenthe anode of the valve and said secondary means for controlling thefrequency of said oscillatory circuit, and a transmitting circuitcoupled to said oscillatory circuit, whereby the signal transmitted iscontrolled by said physical quantity.

3. In a signaling transmitter, a thermionic generator valve containing acathode, grid and anode, a low voltage direct current source for thecathode, a transformer and an interrupter,

means connected to said interrupter and controlled by a physicalquantity for varying the natural vibration frequency of the tongue ofsaid interrupter as a function of said physical quantity, circuit meansincluding the interrupter for connecting the transformer primary to thelow voltage source, thereby inducing a voltage in the transformersecondary in accordance with said physical value, a high-frequencyoscillatory circuit connected between the anode of the valve and saidsecondary means for controlling the frequency of said oscillatorycircuit, and a transmitting circuit coupled to said oscillatory circuit,whereby the signal transmitted is controlled by said physical quantity.

4. In a signaling transmitter, a thermionic generator valve containing acathode, grid and anode, a low voltage direct current source for thecathode, a transformer and an interrupter, means connected to saidinterrupter and controlled by a physical quantity for varying themagnetic field of said interrupter as a function of said physicalquantity, circuit means including the interrupter for connecting thetransformer primary to the low voltage source, thereby inducing avoltage in the transformer secondary in accordance with said physicalvalue, a high-frequency oscillatory circuit connected between the anodeof the valve and said secondary means for controlling the frequency ofsaid oscillatory circuit, and a transmitting circuit coupled to saidoscillatory circuit, whereby the signal transmitted is controlled bysaid physical quantity.

5. In a signaling transmitter for recording the degree of moisture of ahygrometer, a thermionic generator valve containing a cathode, grid andanode, a low voltage direct current source for the cathode, atransformer and an interrupter, means connected to said interrupter andcontrolled by a physical quantity for varying the interrupter frequencyas a function of said physical quantity, circuit means including theinterrupter for connecting the transformer primary to the low voltagesource, thereby inducing a voltage in the transformer secondary inaccordance with said physical value, a high-frequency oscillatorycircuit connected between the anode of the valve and said secondarymeans for controlling the frequency of said oscillatory circuit, and atransmitting circuit coupled to said oscillatory circuit, whereby thesignal transmitted is controlled by said physical quantity.

HEINRICH EBERHARD.

